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1.
Acta colomb. psicol ; 26(2)dic. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533377

ABSTRACT

La personalidad tipo D se refiere a la vulnerabilidad frente al estrés psicológico, la cual se expresa en dos componentes: la afectividad negativa (AN) y la inhibición social (is), que pueden desencadenar un estado de estrés psicosocial que afecta la salud. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Personalidad Tipo D (DS-14) en población adulta colombiana. La muestra estuvo conformada por 456 adultos (41.7 % hombres y 58.3 % mujeres) colombianos entre los 18 y 86 años. El coeficiente de fiabilidad para las dos subescalas de la DS-14 fue de .73 (AN) y .72 (IS), y .79 para el puntaje total. Se analizó la validez concurrente con medidas de estrategias de afrontamiento resiliente y afrontamiento religioso. Los resultados evidencian validez interna y externa, dados los índices del análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio.


Type D personality refers to vulnerability to psychological stress, which is expressed in two components: negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (si), which can trigger a state of psychosocial stress that affects health. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Type D Personality Scale (DS-14) in the Colombian adult population. The sample consisted of 456 colombian adults (41.7 °% men and 58.3 °% women) between 18 and 86 years of age. The reliability coefficient for the two subscales of the DS-14 was .73 (NA) and .72 (SI), and .79 for the total score. Concurrent validity was analyzed with measures of resilient coping strategies and religious coping. The results show internal and external validity given the indices of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.

2.
Interdisciplinaria ; 40(2): 479-496, ago. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448506

ABSTRACT

Resumen La resiliencia es la competencia de afrontamiento y adaptación a las condiciones estresantes que puede experimentar una persona. Se puede expresar a través de varias estrategias como el optimismo, la perseverancia, la creatividad y el crecimiento positivo frente a la adversidad. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala Breve de Estrategias Resilientes (BRCS) en población adulta colombiana. La muestra estuvo conformada por 456 adultos colombianos (41.7 % hombres y 58.3 % mujeres) entre los 18 y los 86 años (M = 46.99). El coeficiente de fiabilidad para el puntaje total de las dos subescalas de la BRCS fue de .77. Se corroboró la validez del constructo a través de la bondad de ajuste del modelo de un factor y la correlación entre los cuatro ítems, por el que se confirmó la estructura del modelo propuesto por Sinclair y Wallston (2004). Se analizó la validez concurrente con medidas de afrontamiento religioso y personalidad Tipo D. Se efectuó un análisis de la discriminación de los reactivos a través del coeficiente de correlación biserial, que indicó que las correlaciones del ítem con la escala total tienen un nivel de discriminación excelente, con valores entre .740 y .807. Los resultados muestran correlaciones significativas entre la resiliencia y el afrontamiento religioso positivo, índices de confiabilidad interna aceptables y consistencia interna, dados los índices del análisis factorial confirmatorio. Se concluye que la evidencia sugiere que la escala BRCS es un instrumento válido y confiable para la evaluación de la capacidad de resiliencia en adultos colombianos.


Abstract Resilience is the ability to cope and adapt to stressful situations that a person may experience. This ability can be expressed through several strategies such as optimism, perseverance, creativity, and positive growth from adversity. Considering the few studies on this subject in the Latin American context and, therefore, the difficulties in evaluating resilient strategies in adults, this research considered to analyze the psychometric characteristics of the Brief Resilient Strategies Scale (BRCS). This study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the "Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS)" in the Colombian adult population. The sample consisted of 456 Colombian adults (41.7 % men and 58.3 % women) between 18 and 86 years old (M = 46.99). The reliability coefficient for the total score of the two BRCS subscales was .77. The construct validity was confirmed by goodness of fit results for applying a one-factor model to the scale and the correlation between the four items, confirming the structure of the model proposed by Sinclair y Wallston (2004), the initial solution of a factor was confirmed, with the same items loading the same factor and with factorial weights greater than .3. Likewise, all the values of the goodness of fit indices are within the accepted ranges for a good fit of the model. That is, the data fit the factorial model well. The concurrent validity was analyzed with measures of religious coping and type D personality. Positive correlations of the BRCS scale were found with positive religious coping of the RCOPE, indicating that a greater resilience, more expression of a sense of spirituality. In the same way, the BRCS scale correlates with the DS-14 scale, indicating that a greater resilience, less tendency to experience negative emotions such as dysphoria, tension, worry, irritability, and anger more extensively over time. In addition, the correlations indicated that a higher resilience, lower vulnerability to psychological stress with experiences of strong negative emotions and inhibition of their expression in interaction with other people. The results of the criterion validity suggest that people who use resilient strategies and religious coping are protective factors for the physical and mental health of the adult population, in such a way that people with higher levels of resilience may have a greater expression of a sense spiritual. Likewise, the most resilient subjects use variables such as satisfaction with life, humor, perceived personal competence, optimism, among others, indicative of a heightened sense of internal coherence. Also, the subjects who demonstrated greater resilience capacity were less vulnerable to experiencing negative affect and social inhibition. In general terms, these results suggest that the use of resilient strategies is related to constructs that are theoretically expected from a clinical and mental health perspective. The results show significant correlations between resilience and positive religious coping, acceptable internal reliability indices and internal consistency given the confirmatory factor analysis indices. An item discrimination analysis was performed through the biserial correlation coefficient, the correlations of the item with the total scale have an excellent level of discrimination, with values between .740 and .807. For data analysis, IBM SPSS Software®, Version 25, the R for Statistical Computing program (R Project, 2019) and LISREL 8.80 was used. The evidence suggests that the BRCS scale is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing resilience capacity in Colombian adults. In general, it was found that the BRCS has good psychometric properties in the various countries where it has been evaluated, for all the population groups analyzed, with only significant differences between men and women.

3.
Summa psicol. UST ; 19(1): 22-35, 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1410522

ABSTRACT

El presente estudio instrumental evaluó las propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Orientación Suicida ­ ISO-30 con 1922 adolescentes escolarizados de la ciudad de Bogotá. La validez de constructo del inventario se estableció a través de un análisis factorial confirmatorio, utilizándose el método de mínimos cuadrados generalizados (GLS), dando lugar un modelo factorial sustentable, compuesto por cinco factores, igual al inventario original. La confiabilidad del instrumento se estableció, a través del coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, obteniéndose una confiabilidad excelente (α= .0915) y un coeficiente Omega (Ω=.742). El análisis de reactivos relativo al poder de discriminación del inventario obtuvo un 57% en las correlaciones ítem-escala total con un nivel de discriminación excelente. Se presenta evidencia respecto a la validez y confiabilidad del ISO-30 para evaluar la orientación al suicidio en adolescentes colombianos


The present instrumental study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Inventory of Suicide Orientation - ISO-30 with 1922 school adolescents from Bogotá. The construct validity of the inventory was established through confirmatory factor analysis, using the generalized least squares (GLS) technique, through which a sustainable factorial model was obtained, composed of five factors equal to the original inventory. The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient with an excellent result (α= .915) and an omega coefficient (Ω=.742). The analysis of the items, relative to the discrimination power of the items, obtained 57% in item-total scale correlations with an excellent level of discrimination power. These findings prove ISO-30 to be a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating suicide orientation among Colombian adolescents.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Psychological Tests , Suicide/psychology , Suicidal Ideation , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Colombia
4.
Rev Chilena Infectol ; 38(4): 540-547, 2021 Aug.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34652400

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization and the American Academy of Pediatrics suggest disclose the HIV diagnosis to children. However, the disclosure of HIV/AIDS diagnosis to children and adolescents, it is not a consolidated practice in Colombia, often this occurs because caregivers do not have an adequate methodology to carry out this process. AIM: We present the efficiency components validation of "Mi dragon Dormido" history in the educational process and revelation ofAIDS diagnosis to boys and girls. METHOD: By means of purposive non-probability sampling, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 children, with an equal number of children who were seropositive (n = 20) and seronegative (n = 20) for HIV/ AIDS. A qualitative study with the approach of grounded theory and systematic design was conducted. We conducted the qualitative study through the NVivo software, with the codification type being Tree Nodes. RESULTS: The qualitative data provided necessary approximations to improve the content and design of the tool and showed that it reflects the reality of children and allows them to identify frequent fears and questions regarding to chronic health condition of HIV. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide important information to be considered in the process of diagnosis revelation and its management by health personnel.


Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , HIV Infections , Adolescent , Caregivers , Child , Disclosure , Female , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Humans , Male , Social Stigma , Truth Disclosure
5.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 38(4): 540-547, ago. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388269

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La Organización Mundial de la Salud y la Académica Americana de Pediatría sugieren revelar el diagnóstico de VIH a niños. Sin embargo, esto no es una práctica consolidada en Colombia; a menudo esto ocurre porque los cuidadores no tienen una metodología adecuada para llevar a cabo este proceso. OBJETIVO: Se presenta la evaluación de la eficacia de la historia "Mi Dragón Dormido" para el proceso de educación y revelación del diagnóstico de VIH/SIDA a niños. MÉTODO: Mediante muestreo no probabilístico intencional; se administraron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 40 niños, seropositivos (n = 20) y seronegativos (n = 20) para VIH/SIDA. Se trató de un estudio cualitativo y diseño sistemático. Se realizó análisis cualitativo mediante el software NVivo 10 con codificación tipo Nodos de Árbol. RESULTADOS: Los datos cualitativos aportaron aproximaciones necesarias para mejorar el contenido y el diseño de la herramienta e indicaron que refleja la realidad de los niños y permite identificar temores y preguntas frecuentes frente a la condición crónica de salud del VIH. CONCLUSIONES: Estos resultados aportan información importante a considerar en el proceso de revelación del diagnóstico y su manejo por parte del personal de salud.


BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization and the American Academy of Pediatrics suggest disclose the HIV diagnosis to children. However, the disclosure of HIV/AIDS diagnosis to children and adolescents, it is not a consolidated practice in Colombia, often this occurs because caregivers do not have an adequate methodology to carry out this process. AIM: We present the efficiency components validation of "Mi dragon Dormido" history in the educational process and revelation ofAIDS diagnosis to boys and girls. METHOD: By means of purposive non-probability sampling, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 children, with an equal number of children who were seropositive (n = 20) and seronegative (n = 20) for HIV/ AIDS. A qualitative study with the approach of grounded theory and systematic design was conducted. We conducted the qualitative study through the NVivo software, with the codification type being Tree Nodes. RESULTS: The qualitative data provided necessary approximations to improve the content and design of the tool and showed that it reflects the reality of children and allows them to identify frequent fears and questions regarding to chronic health condition of HIV. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide important information to be considered in the process of diagnosis revelation and its management by health personnel.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Truth Disclosure , Patient Education as Topic , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control , Caregivers , Disclosure , Qualitative Research , Social Stigma
6.
Cult. cuid ; 24(58): 207-216, sept.-dic. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-200399

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Conocer y comprender las nociones y estrategias de bienestar presentes en adolescentes con altos y bajos niveles de riesgo suicida. METODOLOGÍA: Este estudio exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo mediante el cual se analizaron las diferencias entre las nociones de bienestar y las estrategias recurrentes en 40 adolescentes con puntuaciones alta y bajas de riesgo suicida. RESULTADOS: Indican la existencia de nociones asociadas a la salud, a la visión integradora y a una perspectiva subjetiva. En cuanto a las estrategias usadas por los adolescentes para promover su propio bienestar las categorías que emergieron se centraron en la interacción social, el hedonismo, el control, la redefinición y proyección subjetiva positiva, y la orientación al cambio. CONCLUSIÓN: Se discuten los resultados sobre la orientación de estrategias de intervención en adolescentes con alto riesgo suicida basados en sus propias nociones


OBJECTIVE: To know and understand the notions and strategies of well-being present in adolescents with high and low levels of suicidal risk. METHODOLOGY: This exploratory study with qualitative approach, which explored the differences between notions of well-being and recurrent strategies in 40 adolescents with high and low suicide risk scores.Results. Indicate the existence of notions associated with health, the integrating vision and a subjective perspective. Regarding the strategies used by adolescents to promote their own well-being, the categories that emerged focused on social interaction, hedonism, control, redefinition and positive subjective projection, and orientation towards change. CONCLUSION: Results on the orientation of intervention strategies in adolescents with high suicide risk based on their own notions are discussed


OBJETIVO: Conhecer e compreender as noções e estratégias de bem-estar presentes em adolescentes com alto e baixo risco de suicídio. METODOLOGIA: Estudo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, que explorou as diferenças entre noções de bem-estar e estratégias recorrentes em 40 adolescentes com escores de alto e baixo risco de suicídio. RESULTADOS: Indicar a existência de noções associadas à saúde, a visão integradora e uma perspectiva subjetiva. Em relação às estratégias utilizadas pelos adolescentes para promover seu próprio bem-estar, as categorias que emergiram enfocaram a interação social, o hedonismo, o controle, a redefinição e a projeção subjetiva positiva e a orientação para a mudança. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sobre a orientação das estratégias de intervenção em adolescentes com alto risco de suicídio com base em suas próprias noções são discutido


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Suicidal Ideation , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Adolescent Health , Risk Factors , Risk Assessment , Interviews as Topic , Personal Satisfaction , Qualitative Research
7.
Psicol. Caribe ; 36(1): 120-132, ene.-abr. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1098491

ABSTRACT

Resumen El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo establecer la relación entre los estilos de afrontamiento y el riesgo suicida. Asimismo, estimar si el afrontamiento predice el riesgo suicida en adolescentes. La muestra estuvo conformada por 617 adolescentes entre los 14 y lo 18 años de edad. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron el Inventario de Orientación Suicida ISO-30 (King y Kowalchuk, 1994), y el Inventario de Estimación de Afrontamiento COPE (Carver, Scheier y Weintraub, 1989). Los resultados indican que el 19,2 % de los participantes presentan riesgo de suicidio alto, encontrándose diferencias por sexo. Se encontraron también correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre riesgo suicida y estrategias de afrontamiento evitativas (mujeres 0,342**; hombres 0,332**), entre riesgo suicida e ideación suicida (mujeres 0,321**; hombres, 0,334**), y riesgo suicida con baja autoestima (mujeres 0,279**; hombres 0,247**). Se concluye que las estrategias de afrontamiento centradas en la solución del problema son un factor protector en los adolescentes, y el uso de estrategias de afrontamiento evita-tivas son un factor de riesgo para la conducta suicida.


Abstract The objective of this study was to establish the relationship between coping styles and suicidal risk and estimate if the coping predicts the suicidal risk in adolescents. The sample consisted of 617 adolescents between 14-18 years of age. The instruments applied were Inventory of Suicide Orientation (ISO-30) (King y Kowalchuk, 1994) and the Coping Estimation Inventory (COPE) (Carver, Scheier y Weintraub, 1989). The results indicate that 19.2 % of the participants are at high risk of suicide, finding differences by sex. Statistically significant correlations were found between suicidal risk and avoidant coping strategies (Women, 342**; Men, 332**), between suicidal ideation and suicidal ideation (Women, 321**; Men, 334**) and suicidal risk with low self-esteem (Women, 279**; Men, 247**). It is concluded that coping strategies focused on solving the problem are a protective factor in adolescents and the use of avoidant coping strategies could be consider a risk factor for suicidal behavior.

8.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Bogotá) ; 67(1): 37-43, Jan.-Mar. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013197

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción. La revelación del diagnóstico de VIH/Sida a niños y adolescentes ha tenido beneficios y desafíos para las familias afectadas. Objetivo. Validar la herramienta "Mi Dragón Dormido" para el proceso de revelación del diagnóstico de VIH/Sida a menores de 15 años. Materiales y métodos. Se seleccionaron 10 jueces expertos y 40 cuidadores de niños seropositivos y seronegativos para VIH mediante muestreo no probabilístico intencional. Se administraron cuestionarios estructurados para evaluar cinco componentes de eficacia y se realizó análisis descriptivo de los datos y tabulación mediante el programa IBM SPSS Versión 24. Resultados. Jueces expertos y cuidadores determinaron que el formato y los mensajes fueron claros y favorecieron la identificación y aceptación. También indicaron que la herramienta permitió un cambio de comportamiento en el público objetivo. Conclusión. La herramienta es válida para apoyar el proceso de revelación de diagnóstico a niños con VIH y demostró aceptación en población seronegativa, lo que sugiere que puede ser utilizada en hogares y contextos educativos para promover comportamientos que respalden la salud, el bienestar general y la reducción de prácticas discriminatorias hacia las personas con VIH.


Abstract Introduction: The disclosure of the HIV/AIDS diagnosis to children and adolescents has benefits and challenges for affected families. Objective: To validate the tool Mi Dragón Dormido (My Sleeping Dragon) during the process of disclosing an HIV/AIDS diagnosis to children under the age of 15. Materials and methods: 10 expert judges and 40 caregivers of HIV-positive and HIV-negative children were selected using non-probability purposive sampling. Structured questionnaires were applied to evaluate five efficacy components. A descriptive analysis of data and tabulation were performed using IBM SPSS Version 24 software. Results: Expertjudges and caregivers determined that the format and the messages were clear and favored identification and acceptance. They also stated that the tool enabled behavior change in the target audience. Conclusion: The tool is valid for supporting the process of disclosure of diagnosis to children with HIV and demonstrated acceptance in HIV-negative populations, suggesting that it can be used in homes and educational settings to promote behaviors that support health, general well-being and the reduction of discriminatory practices towards people with HIV.

9.
rev. psicogente ; 21(39): 50-61, ene.-jun. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-963575

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo: El propósito del presente estudio fue determinar en qué medida las prácticas parentales paternas y maternas predicen la ideación suicida en un grupo de hombres y mujeres adolescentes colombianos. Método: Participaron 328 estudiantes adolescentes inscritos en escuelas públicas. Se utilizó la escala de Prácticas Parentales para Adolescentes (PP-A) elaborada por Andrade y Betancourt y una escala para medir la Ideación Suicida, constituida por ocho ítems que refieren a ideas de quitarse la vida. Resultados: Indican la existencia de correlaciones entre ideación suicida y control psicológico materno (0,183**) e imposición (-,282**) en los hombres y entre ideación suicida y autonomía (-,383**), control psicológico materno (,302**) e imposición (,383**) en mu jeres. También se evidenció que las dimensiones que predicen en mayor medida la ideación sui cida en hombres y mujeres son el control psicológico materno y la imposición paterna. Conclu siones: Se discute el papel de algunas prácticas parentales que pueden constituirse como posible factor de riesgo para disponer a los jóvenes hacia el suicidio.


Abstract Objective: This study aims to determine how parental and maternal parenting practices may predict suicidal ideation in a group of Colombian male and female teenagers. Method: 328 teen agers who belong to public schools were sampled. 7-items related to wanting to take one's own life, (PP-A) Parenting Practices scale for teenagers was used. Results: Show correlations between suicidal ideation and maternal psychological control (0,183**) and impose (-, 282 **), in men between suicidal ideation and autonomy (-, 383**), in women, maternal psychological control (, 302**) and impose (, 383**). Also, it is shown that maternal psychological control and parental impose are evident aspects which predict further suicidal ideation in men and women. Conclu sion: The role of some parenting practices can become a suicidal risk factor for young people.

10.
Interv. psicosoc. (Internet) ; 27(1): 56-63, abr. 2018. tab, ilus
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-173293

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) in Colombian adolescents. We conduct a cross-sectional study and recruit 766 adolescents from 14 to 18 years old. The internal consistency of the scale was analyzed and model fit from confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The internal consistency of the scale was .84 (95% CI = 0.83-0.86), with small to negligible changes when specific items were dropped. Construct validity was confirmed by the goodness of fit of a Three-Factor Model and correlation between items 3-4, 1-2, 6-7, and 5-6, AGFI = 31,680.98, BIC = 31,824.74, NNFI = .946, CFI = .975, and RMSEA = .049, confirming the model structure proposed by Zimet and colleagues. The findings demonstrate that the MSPSS is a suitable instrument to evaluate perceived social support in Colombian adolescents


Este estudio tiene como objeto evaluar las características psicométricas de la escala multidimensional de apoyo social percibido (MSPSS) en adolescentes colombianos. Se realizó un estudio transversal, reclutándose 766 adolescentes de entre 14 y 18 años de edad. Se analizó la consistencia interna de la escala y se obtuvo el modelo de ajuste a partir del análisis factorial confirmatorio (CFA). La consistencia interna fue de .084 (95% CI = 0.83-0.86), con ligeros cambios, despreciables, cuando se quitaron algunos ítems específicos. Se confirmó la validez de constructo mediante la bondad de ajuste del modelo trifactorial y la correlación entre los ítems 3-4, 1-2, 6-7 y 5-6, AGFI = 31,680.98, BIC = 31,824.74, NNFI = .946, CFI = .975 y RMSEA = .049, confirmándose la estructura del modelo propuesto por Zimet y colaboradores. Los resultados demuestran que la MSPSS es un instrumento adecuado para medir el apoyo social percibido de los adolescentes colombianos


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Social Support , Psychosocial Deprivation , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/statistics & numerical data , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Reproducibility of Results , Reproducibility of Results , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Colombia , Cross-Sectional Studies
11.
Acta colomb. psicol ; 20(1): 212-220, Jan.-June 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-886298

ABSTRACT

Abstract The correct and consistent use of condoms during sexual intercourse is a highly effective procedure for the prevention of HIV / AIDS as well as other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Some studies report that psychosocial skills and interaction promote the development of safe sexual relations by using condoms. The objective of this study was to determine to what extent the perception of self-efficacy and sexual assertiveness predicts condom use in sexual activity in a group of young people. The study was descriptive correlational and predictive. The sample consisted of 645 young people aged between 19 and 26 years who reported having had sex or being sexually active. Results showed that, unlike men, the perception of self-efficacy coupled with sexual assertiveness are strong predictors of condom use in women's sexual relations, whereas for men only sexual assertiveness predicts condom use in sexual relations.


Resumo O uso correto e consistente do preservativo nas relações sexuais é um procedimento altamente eficaz para a prevenção do HIV/ Aids, bem como para outras infecções de transmissão sexual (ITS). Alguns estudos mostram que as habilidades psicossociais e de inter-relação favorecem o desenvolvimento de práticas sexuais protegidas, como com o uso do preservativo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar em que medida a percepção de autoeficácia e a assertividade sexual predizem o uso do preservativo nas relações sexuais em um grupo de jovens. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo correlacionai e preditivo com uma amostra de 631 jovens com idades entre 19 e 26 anos que relataram ter tido relações ou ser ativos sexualmente. Os resultados mostram que a percepção de autoeficácia e a assertividade sexual foram fortes indicadores do uso do preservativo nas relações sexuais das mulheres, enquanto para o caso dos homens, só a assertividade sexual predisse seu uso.


Resumen El uso correcto y consistente del condón en las relaciones sexuales es un procedimiento altamente eficaz para la prevención del VIH/SIDA, así como para otras infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS). Algunos estudios reportan que las habilidades psicosociales y de interrelación favorecen el desarrollo de prácticas sexuales protegidas, como con el uso de preservativos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar en qué medida la percepción de autoeficacia y la asertividad sexual predicen el uso del condón en las relaciones sexuales en un grupo de jóvenes. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo correlacional y predictivo con una muestra de 631 jóvenes con edades entre 19 y 26 años que reportaron haber tenido relaciones o ser activos sexualmente. Los resultados muestran que la percepción de autoeficacia y la asertividad sexual fueron fuertes predictores del uso del condón en las relaciones sexuales de las mujeres, mientras que para el caso de los hombres, solo la asertividad sexual predijo su uso.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Assertiveness , Adolescent , Condoms , Self Efficacy
12.
rev. psicogente ; 17(32): 442-451, jul.-dic. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-963475

ABSTRACT

En este artículo de investigación se analizaron las tendencias en las líneas de investigación declaradas por 32 universidades de Iberoamérica que cuentan con un programa de Doctorado en Psicología. El método de investigación fue exploratorio con corte bibliográfico y diseño descriptivo. Se analizaron en total 308 líneas de investigación y se identificaron tres tendencias: la primera, que agrupa diferentes campos en una sola línea, se encontró que la Psicología Clínica es el área de mayor interés. La segunda identifica líneas que emergen frente a las determinadas en principio, se evidenció como principal interés la cognición, y la tercera las articulaciones frecuentes entre varios campos disciplinares, las cuales se dieron principalmente en la Psicología Clínica y la Psicología de la Salud.


Trends were analyzed in the research lines reported by 32 universities in Ibero-America that have at least a PhD program in Psychology. The research method was exploratory and descriptive with bibliographic cut design. 308 lines of research were analyzed in total and three trends were identified: the first, bringing together different fields on one line. It was found that Clinical Psychology is the area of greatest interest, the second, identifies lines that emerge in front of the ones determined by principles, as the main interest was evidenced cognition, and the third, the frequent joints between various disciplinary fields, which were mainly occur in Clinical Psychology and Health Psychology.

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